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TIN BÀI BỘ MÔN - Ngoại ngữ

CÁCH ĐỔI ACTIVE VOICE SANG PASSIVE VOICE

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                                                    CÁCH ĐỔI  ACTIVE VOICE SANG PASSIVE VOICE

 

Active sentence:        Sub.       +           V    +        Obj

 

Passive sentence:      Sub   + BE    +   V3 / V-ED(động từ chính)    +    by   Obj

 

1- Chuyển: Obj ---> Subj;  Subj  ----> by Obj (Có thể bỏ nếu  by Obj  không cần thiết)

2-Thêm BE và chia thì tương ứng với thì câu chủ động.

Nghĩa là: Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì “ To Be” phải chia ở thì đó).

3- Chuyển động từ chính sang  --->   V3 hoặc Vo ED.       

 

ACTIVE           PASIVE VOICE

NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PASSIVE VOICE ĐẶC BIỆT

a.The simple present:S + V/V-s/es  → S + am/is/are/ +V3/-ed

Ex: She cleans the floor everyday.       

→ Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday.

b.The present continuous:       S + am/ is/ are + V-ing 

                                        → S + am/ is/ are + being + V3/-ed

Ex: Mr.Baker is repairing the car

→Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker.

c.The present perfect:    S+ has/have + V3/-ed  

                               →    S+ has/have + been + V3/-ed

Ex: Someone has stolen  the bicycles  

→ Passive: The bicycles have beenstolen

d.The simple past:       S + V2/-ed  →   S + was/ were + V3/-ed

Ex: Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)   

     →Passive: Where were the drugs found ?

e.The past continuous: S + was/ were + V-ing ....         

                  →    S + was / were + being + V3/-ed

      Ex: They were preparing lunch when I came there yesterday

         → Lunch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.

f.  The past perfect: S+ had + V3/-ed → S+ had been + V3/-ed

Ex: She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm.      

→  Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m

g-  Who + V + object ...... ?                 

      Passive: - By whom..... ?  -  Who...... by  ?

Ex:           Who wrote this novel ?

→ Passive:  - By whom was this novel written ?

                    hoặc:  Who was this novel written by ?

 

 

 

 

 

7- It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth           

Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + V3 / Vo ED

    Ex:   -  It is important to finish this exercise.      

             =>It is important for this exercise to be finished

1-Causative form(thể truyền khuyến):  

     a/Active voice:  -S + Have + Obj(chỉ người) + Vinf..                       

                               -S + Get + Obj (chỉ người) + to infi.                         b/Passive voice: -S + Have/Get + Obj (chỉ vật) + V3 / Vo ED.      Ex:  I have /get him repair my bicycle.

        I have/get my bicyclerepaired  by him.

2. Sau những động từ chỉ ý kiến (verb of opinion):say, think , believe, report, rumour, know, consider, claim

 Active: S1+ verb1 ( say/ believe/ think....) (that) +S2+ verb2... 

 Passive:  

Cách 1: It + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + S2 + verb 2 ....

Cách 2: S2 + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + to-infinitive (verb 2) /

                                                          to have + V3/-ed  (verb 2) Ex:      People say that he is/ was crazy.

→ Cách 1: It is said that he is /was crazy  or 

→ Cách 2: He is said to be /to have been crazy

3. Sau những động từ chỉ giác quan(verb of perception): see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice, make, help, bid.

Ex: I hear him come in ---> He is heard to come in (nếu câu chủ động là coming thì giữ nguyên trong câu bị động).

4. Imperative(câu mệnh lệnh): 

   Ex:  a. Open the door ---> Let the door be opened.

           b. They let him go out ---> He was allowed to go out /    

                                                       He was let to go out.

5. Sau những động từ: like, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, hope.

Ex: He wants KHA to take photographs→ He wants photographs to be taken by KHA.

Ex: He does not like people laughing at him. --> He does not like being laughed at.

6. Các động từ: advise, agree, insist, arrange, suggest, propose, recommend, determine, decide, demand, beg, urge, order, request.    

Ex: He advised me to accept this job

→ Cách 1:  He advised me this job should be accepted.

→ Cách 2:  I was advised to accept this job.

 

Exercise 1:    Rewrite the sentences in the passive:

  1. They will construct some new airports on islands.………………………………………………………………………
  2. The new president might fulfill this promise as quickly as people would like.……………………………………………
  3. They are going to find out the mystery.……………………………………………………………………………………
  4. You can buy videos like this one anywhere.……………………………………………………………………………
  5. Someone will tell you when you go in to see the doctor.…………………………………………………………………
  6. They should have finished the hotel by the time you arrive.………………………………………………………………
  7. Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day.……………………………………………………
  8. When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?……………………………………………………………
  9. Where will your company send you next year?…………………………………………………………………………
  10. They ought to have reported the accident to the police.……………………………………………………………………

Exercise 2      Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.

  1. I shouldn’t ………. so much coffee last night. I was wide awake till four in the morning.

A. drink                                        B. drank                                        C. be drunk                                  D. have drunk 

2. The profits are supposed …………………. among the shareholders.

A. to divide                                   B. to be divided                            C. dividing                                   D. being divided

3.  When you are on duty, your uniform must …………………. at all times.   

A. wear                                         B. be wear                                C. be worn                                   D. be wearing

4. You promised her a letter; you ought to …………………. days ago.

A. write                           B. be writing                                C. have written                            D. be written

5. After the test papers …… to the students in class tomorrow, the students …………………. their next assignment.

A. will return – will be given   B. will be returned – are given            C. are returning – are giving     D. are returned – will be given

6. The class for next semester is too large. It ought to …………………. in half.

A. be divided                                B. divide                                        C. have divided                            D. have been divided

7. The entire valley can …………………. from their mountain home.

A. see                                            B. be seen                                C. being seen                               D. sees 

8. He is wearing a gold ring on his fourth finger. He must………………….

A. have been married                   B. be married                           C. marry                                      D. have married

9.    A child should …………………. everything he or she wants.

A. gives                           B. give                                         C. have been given                      D. be given

10. Your daughter has a good voice. Her interest in singing …………………. encouraged.

A. should be                                 B should                                        C. be                                            D. have

11. I found this book on my desk when I came to class. It must ……. by one of the students in earlier class.

A. be left                                       B. have been left                          C. leave                          D. have left

12. You had better ………………….your chores before Mom gets home.

A. be finished                              B. have finished                          C. have been finished                            D. finish

13. These books will have to …………………. to the library tomorrow.

A. return                                      B. have returned                          C. being returned                         D. be returned

14. Ann’s birthday was on the 5th, and now it’s already the 8th. Her birthday card …. a week ago.

A. will be sent                              B. can be sent                                 C. should have been sent             D. should have sent

15. You …………………. me to Dr. Gray. We’ve already met.                                            

A. don’t have to introduce           B mustn’t be introduced                  C. shouldn’t introduce                     D. mustn’t introduce

16. Bill ………………….Ann to the party tomorrow.

A. will be invited                         B. will invite                               C. will have invited             D. will have been invited.

17. A new hospital ………………….in this area.

A. are going to be built                B. builds                                        C. is going to be built                  D. is going to build

18. Mike …………………. What’s going on in his English class.

A. can’t understand                     B. can’t be understood    C. could have understood             D. could have been understood

19. Our test papers ………………….by our teachers now.

A. are marking                              B. are being marked                  C. will mark                        D. will be marked          

20. ………………….the birds in your garden at three o’clock yesterday afternoon?

A. Did you feed                           B. Were you fed             C. Were you being fed                D. Were you feeding

Exercise 3: Multiple choices

1. Many U.S. automobiles --------------- in Detroit, Michigan.

A. manufacture                            B. have manufactured                 C. are manufactured                    D. are manufacturing

2. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle ----------- last night.  

A. was stolen                                B. was stealing                            C. Stolen                                      D. stole

3. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ------------ by waiting. 

             A. will be accomplished B. accomplished                           C. has accomplished                               D. accomplishes

4.” When ----------? “   - In 1928

A. penicillin was discovered        B. did penicillin discovered  C. was penicillin discovered                 D. did penicillin discover

5.  The rescuers ---------- for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers.

A. were praised                            B. praised                                        C. were praising             D. praising

6. Vitamin C ---------- by the human body. It gets into the bloods strea